The climate in Central America and the Caribbean is influenced by large-scale phenomena such as the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the North America Monsoon System (NAMS), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Central America's geographic location makes it particularly prone to hazards like floods.

Hydrometeorological disasters are the most frequent in the region, with a cumulative impact of USD 22 billion over the past 30 years (CEPAL,2014). Central America is the second most climate-vulnerable region globally. Five of the eight member countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA)—Honduras, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and El Salvador—rank among the top 15 in the Global Climate Risk Index, highlighting the region's high vulnerability to hydrometeorological threats.